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Avraham Al-Naddaf
Avraham Al-Naddaf () (1866–1940), the son of Ḥayim b. Salem Al-Naddaf, was a Yemenite Rabbi and scholar who immigrated to Ottoman-controlled Palestine in 1891, eventually becoming one of the members of the Yemenite rabbinical court (''Beit-Din'') established in Jerusalem in 1908,〔Shelomo Al-Naddaf, ''Zekhor Le’Avraham'' (ed. Uzziel Alnaddaf), Jerusalem 1992, p. 55 (Hebrew).〕 and active in public affairs. His maternal grandfather was Rabbi Yiḥya Badiḥi (1803–1887), the renowned sage and author of the Questions & Responsa, ''Ḥen Ṭov'', and a commentary on the laws of ritual slaughter of livestock, ''Leḥem Todah'', who served as the head of Sanaa's largest seat of learning (yeshiva), held in the synagogue, ''Bayt Saleḥ'', before he was forced to flee from Sana'a in 1846 on account of the tyrant, Abū-Zayid b. Ḥasan al-Miṣrī, who persecuted the Jews under the Imam Al-Mutawakkil Muhammad.〔Amram Qorah, ''Sa'arath Teman'', Jerusalem 1988, pp. 30, 44–45.〕
==Early life and upbringing==
Born in Qaryat al-Qabil,〔A town situated four-hours' walking distance from Sana'a.〕 Yemen, in 1866, he began to study the Hebrew alphabet at the age of three, followed by Torah and the Aramaic Targum of Onkelos at the age of seven in the ''Beth midrash'' of Rabbi Yosef Ha-Cohen in Sana'a, where his parents had relocated. When he had but reached the age of ten, there was added to his curriculum the Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch composed by Rabbi Saadia Gaon, the Mishnah with the commentary of Rabbi Obadiah da Bertinoro, and the Shulchan Arukh.〔Shelomo Al-Naddaf, ''Zekhor Le’Avraham'' (ed. Uzziel Alnaddaf), Jerusalem 1992, p. 9 (Hebrew).〕 The following year his father transferred him to the ''Beth midrash'' of Rabbi Avraham al-Qareh (d. 1890), where he began to learn the proper rendering for readings in the Babylonian Talmud, as this teacher is said to have been the most punctilious and astute of his generation. At the age of fourteen, he continued his studies in the Talmud and in the legal writings of the poskim (exponents of Jewish law),〔Shelomo Al-Naddaf, ''Zekhor Le’Avraham'' (ed. Uzziel Alnaddaf), Jerusalem 1992, pp. 10 – 11 (Hebrew).〕 and eventually studied more advanced rabbinic Judaism under the great teacher Rabbi Hayyim b. Yosef Qorah (d. 1914). In 1886, at the age of twenty, Avraham married his first wife who bore him a daughter, but they would both become ill and die during the sea-voyage from Yemen to Egypt in 1891, while ''en route'' to Palestine. His one-and-a-half year old daughter was buried at sea, while his wife died in Port Said. Dazed and bereft of his wife and only child, Avraham arrived in Jaffa in the Spring of that year, and from there he traveled with a party, some by cart, others by mules and camels, unto Jerusalem.〔Shelomo Al-Naddaf, ''Zekhor Le’Avraham'' (ed. Uzziel Alnaddaf), Jerusalem 1992, p. 20 (Hebrew).〕 There he settled in the ''Old City'' of Jerusalem and began to work on behalf of the small Jewish community that had immigrated there in 1882, supporting himself as a silversmith and teaching children the rudiments of Jewish education. That same year, he took in marriage a second wife.
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